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Child and Adolescent

Intuniv for ADHD: Metabolic Challenges

by Dr Charles Parker on February 1, 2010 · 57 comments

Burn Rate Explained

Intuniv, As With Any ADHD Medications: Watch the Burn Rate

Intuniv Posts:
This post is the fifth, with four others, documenting Intuniv Overview, Dosing Details, Drug Interactions and Addiction Indications. Please review all of these posts and the many comments [over 200] on the Overview post to see what readers are saying about Intuniv, this interesting new ADHD non-stimulant medication.

Burn Rate:
If you have been reading CorePsych Blog you will note that I have been writing about my new book, – and the good news, it’s finished, and in edit at this moment – I do hope to get it out by March ‘10. ADHD Medication Rules: Paying Attention To The Meds For Paying Attention details an entire chapter on Burn Rate, as everyone who takes ADHD meds should absolutely master the burn rate principle.

This Specific Q & A:
- Is an example of the many Intuniv questions, challenges and positive remarks in these several posts:

Question About 8 yo Boy, Picky Eater and Metabolic Challenges:
“I have just stumbled across you and this site in my research into Intuniv. My son just recently turned 8 and was diagnosed with ADHD this past spring. As I continually read about ADHD kids Luke seems wise beyond his years, is very bright when it comes to building things, or math, and picks things up quickly when he is receiving instruction one on one or in a very small group,- but he struggles in school generally. Long story short, we started with a Central Auditory Processing Disorder diagnosis when he was six.  His primary issue seemed to be language, both receptive and expressive. An exam with an audiologist confirmed a fairly significant CAPD at the time. As he progressed in school it was obvious that ADHD was also a large part of his problems as impulsivity, restlessness, inability to attend, and defiance increased as he got older. We saw a neurologist who, after an EEG, prescribed Focalin XR. This worked like MAGIC, at first.

We started with 5mg and after about a month moved up to 10mg. He was able to focus, concentrate and made great strides in school. His language issues even seemed to improve. Now it seems the Focalin is either failing him or is the wrong drug. His ability to focus has tanked, he has become very impulsive (throwing things, slamming things on his desk) and is increasingly defiant (refuses to do work, follow directions). While other times he seems spaced out, and at home sometimes too compliant, and sometimes melancholy for no reason. With age it seems his receptive language abilities are about right, and at developmental level, but his expressive abilities are still below, which of course is leading to some frustration on his part especially when he is supposed to expressing himself through writing. We were seen by the NP in the neurologist’s office today and she suggested Intuniv. From what I’m reading it sounds like it may work for Luke but she has suggested we stay on the Focalin while we start the Intuniv? Do you agree? (She mentioned d/c’ing the Focalin eventually)

Second, in one of the posts above you mentioned something about “immune dysfunction, bowel challenges and is-he-a-picky-eater”. While Luke is rarely sick, I don’t think he has a solid BM in his life (not watery, but always very, very soft) and he would live on Mac and cheese, peanut butter and jelly and chips if I’d let him. He NEVER willingly tries anything new and is indeed very picky about what he eats. As all of this is very new to me can you shed some light on what this may have to do with anything and what to do about it – or point me to the best place to read about it? We have tried adjusting his diet, etc. in the past but because he is so picky it is very difficult to do.

An Additional Metabolic Point - Headaches
One additional thing that the NP this a.m. more or less ignored – prior to starting meds Luke would wake up in the middle of the night crying and saying his head hurt. He’d be up 30 min. or more, would eventually throw up and then go back to sleep. In the morning you’d never know anything happened. This would happen about once a month from the time he was about 6. I only recall it happening once during the day at school. Once we started Focalin those incidents ceased completely. We had our first return of that 2 nights ago. Any idea what that’s all about? Initially the neurologist said it was “interesting”but had little else to say about it.”

My Answer, Abbreviated To Stay With Metabolism and Burn Rate:
My reaction to this question and many others seen on the many comments on Intuniv and Vyvanse: We must always look at the metabolic hints, the possible changes in metabolic rate before starting the meds. They are subtle but include the following:
- History of bowel issues, too soft, too hard, constipation, diarrhea, monolithic stools, too slow in transit time,
- Developmental delay issues: CAPD, speech issues, Asperger’s, Autism,
- History of Fetal Alcohol exposure
- Headaches, stomach aches, tired all of the time, dark circles under the eyes, pale skin
- Picky Eater
- Not eating breakfast, waking with stomach issues and no appetite
- History of failure with many meds – including stimulants or non-stimulants [Intuniv, Strattera]
- Narrow Therapeutic Window
- History of food allergies even back to early childhood, e.g. “lactose intolerance”
- History of rashes, allergies, asthma, upper respiratory infections, ear infections

If we don’t look at these issues [and more] we cannot predict what the outcome with the medications will be – and every one of these issues can significantly change the underlying metabolic patterns, the amount of neurotransmitters in the body, and the cofactors that burn the neurotransmitters effectively.

Medication management now requires a full awareness of the entire pattern including nutrition [which feeds the amino acid building blocks for neurotransmitters and cofactors], – without more careful questioning at the outset we will have predictable problems – as the burn rate will vary dramatically with all of these variables. Burn rate will effect Duration of Effectiveness [DOE] – dosage patterns and speed of titration at the onset of meds.

Then, if Burn Rate varies, we must always take the next step to measure the immune dysregulations, the neurotransmitters, and the downstream endocrine issues so often found with these upstream irregularities.

Phone Consult Availability
Check out these remarks regarding how to start these reviews with a phone consult: See this post on Intuniv: Comment by Gina Pera on January 29, ‘10 2:30 PM

Make sure you take a look at these pages!
ADHD Medication Rules Purchase
“Rules” Affiliate Link
Neuroscience Details


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Intuniv For ADHD: Dosing Details

by Dr Charles Parker on November 28, 2009 · 152 comments

Intuniv For ADHD Is Guanfacine, But Better and Easier

... ode to joy in the early morning ...!!!

Fresh Day For ADHD

ADHD treatment evolves: This will be a short note to quickly address the growing comments here at CorePsych Blog on the previous Intuniv post There I discussed reports on the differences between Tenex and Intuniv, now I have seen the action in my office. Tenex, generic name guanfacine, has been used for years with specific good effect to manage and treat the angry and irritable individuals with ADHD – the Oppositional and Defiant.

Remember: Intuniv is not a stimulant – refills on prescriptions will not be so problematic.

Intuniv Audio Reports At CinchCast:

My last Cinch Recording, already Tweeted out, tells you in about 2 min the details on Intuniv dosing strategy, and I will also outline them here. Listen to my comments on the other CinchCast recordings on Russell Barkley and Amy Arnsten from Yale.

The Differences Between Tenex, Intuniv, and Clonidine

1. Tenex has a shorter half-life, and often requires at least twice a day dosing.
2. Intuniv is once a day, and, interestingly often remains effective for irritability in the next AM – coming up to my favorite subject DOE [Duration of Effectiveness]: in this case – 24 hr!
3. Tenex has peaks and valleys of effectiveness with dosing strategies that require significant adjustments to dial in correctly.
4. Intuniv is easier to dose: See the protocol below.
5. Clonidine is an alpha 2A agonist, encouraging the closure of the post synaptic calcium channel, but also stimulates other alpha 2 receptors [B&C], thereby creating more problems with hypotension [low BP] and encouraging sleep.
6. Interestingly, Intuniv has a significant soporific turn, but in the 12 -14 hr range often helping with sleep, without further medications in the PM and no dose necessary at noon.
7. Clonidine is not approved by the FDA for treatment for ADHD.

Dosing Strategies: Uncomplicated

1. There will be few problems with dosing as Intuniv comes closer to absolute simplicity than many of the other ADHD meds.
2. Titration: First week 1mg in the AM, second week 2mg, third 3mg and fourth week 4mg as indicated by response – highest recommended dose = 4 mg/day.
3. Bottom of the Therapeutic Window – it isn’t working – this will be self evident!
4. Top of the Therapeutic Window is determined by side effects on the forced dose study completed for FDA safety/efficacy approval – simply being soporific [sleepy] or fatigued – the two main adverse effects when the dose was pushed up [too] quickly for the study.
5. Look for an effect lasting 24 hr regarding the Sides of the Therapeutic Window. AM cranky/anger often disappears.
6. Most people were successful with the dose at 3-4mg/day, so be patient, don’t rush the increase, watch for side effects, and if it’s too much back down to the previous dose.
7. Most did well at 3mg, the dosage is often weight related, but not always [more weight-higher dose] details later.
8. A significant number are doing well at 1 and 2mg.
9. If you are coming over from Tenex, drop the dose down, start at the 1mg and work your way up.
10. Not recommended with Clonidine for bed, for obvious reasons – using more of the same type of medication.

Other FAQ and Observations

1. It can be used with Vyvanse and Methylphenidate products, more posts coming soon on this matter.
2. It has an excellent effect on simple Inattentive ADD, just for attention and is approved by the FDA for ADHD.
3. First line indications for this medication: ODD, anger, frustration, irritation, in spite of doing well on other ADHD meds.
4. For those medical teams out there looking to treat angry kids with atypical antipsychotics for “childhood bipolar” this looks like [purely anecdotal] it will be good for some of those kids who look bipolar, but are actually more ADHD with ODD.
5. Confusing presentations can still be explained by more comprehensive neurotransmitter evaluations reported elsewhere here at CorePsych Blog. Using neurotransmitter precursors to support neurotransmitter imbalances simultaneously with Intuniv show no challenges, and have worked exceedingly well with some of the most refractory kids seen in our office.
6. Incidence of hypotension in the forced dose titration trials was 6% with Intuniv, and 4% with placebo.
7. No deaths reported from guanfacine since it was launched in 1986.
8. More on the specifics of glutamate relevance as a new focus for ADHD neurotransmitters coming soon.
9. This medication is not like Strattera at all [except that it is not a Schedule II]. Strattera only effects norepinephrine reuptake at the synapse, Intuniv actually modifies/facilitates glutamate neurotransmission. Glutamate is the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain, with ~ 1/3 of the brain receptors = glutamate. ADHD can be corrected by enhancing flagging glutamate networks through the post synaptic activity of stimulating that alpha 2A receptor post-synaptically. More on all this, and some important drug-drug interactions soon.

My Prediction

Bipolar Redefined: This one is anecdotal, but relevant for future watchfulness: With all of the ‘bipolar’ misdiagnosis so prevalent out on the streets [identifying almost any angry mood as a primary mood disorder] – when the underlying oppositional and anger problems so often arise from the oppositional subset of ADHD, Intuniv will change treatment protocols and outcomes.

Said another way, the use of atypical antipsychotics so frequently in children and adolescents will no longer become the first off label choice – if the diagnosis is actually ADHD and treatable with Intuniv. My take: Intuniv should/will become first line for this subset. We are already seeing, both in our office and in comments from many physicians, a trend in this direction. Time will tell. Intuniv wins hands down on the safety issue, and appears, at this early juncture, to help rather remarkably with those angry moods.

Drug Interactions

1. From the package insert: Intuniv is a CYP450 3A4 substrate. It will be induced [reduced in effectiveness] by Trileptal, Provigil and Tegretol. It could accumulate, and take the patient out the Top of the Therapeutic Window with Prozac, Paxil, and Luvox all of which significantly block 3A4.
2. Suggestion here: don’t use Intuniv with these latter 3 medications at all. Prozac and Paxil, as you know from my many comments on these meds regarding the 2D6 CYP450 pathway, regularly create unpredictable outcomes with stimulants – and over here on the 3A4 [I think I'm on an LA freeway ;-) ] they are still dirty drugs. This drug interaction duo should be on your ADHD medication radar, and off your list for patient care. If you are on the Trileptal group of inducers, expect a significant accumulation when you discontinue any of these as your dose may have been higher as a result of this induction process.

cp

This post does bear retweeting! Please send it out to your crowd.

Make sure you take a look at these pages!
ADHD Medication Rules Purchase
“Rules” Affiliate Link
Neuroscience Details


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Brains and Genes: Attention And Cognition Spelled Out

September 21, 2009 Autism Spectrum

So you want to know more about ADHD, attention and cognition… and don’t understand all the research on genes as they relate to your brain equipment? Click over here right now…

2 comments Read the full article here →

ADHD Experts: Convenient, Latest ADHD Insights

September 19, 2009 Beyond ADHD

Can’t Make That National ADHD Meeting? – Bring It To Your Home – And the best news: attend live, or attend through the year – anytime you want. National experts on MP3 for that ride to work! The best advantage: great speakers, the latest insights, lowest cost, available for replay.

4 comments Read the full article here →

Impulsivity Translated for Street Applications: The Impulsive Brain

September 13, 2009 Beyond ADHD

Impulsivity is, without doubt, the most frequent challenge in our daily lives – for mental health professionals, teachers, HR professionals, physicians, and anyone working with administrative challenges. Let’s call it a problem instead of rationalizing the behavior-

0 comments Read the full article here →

Intuniv for ADHD: Understanding Tenex, Guanfacine and Alpha 2

July 20, 2009 Beyond ADHD

Short note, new vocabulary, take a moment sometime this week to chase down these links – they will likely soon become part of your everyday thinking in ADHD treatment.

213 comments Read the full article here →

Adult Executive ADHD: “Those Wrecked by Success”

July 16, 2009 Beyond ADHD

ADHD Can Easily Ruin A Career Any Level – At CorePsych Radio this PM I will spend an hour on this painful, too frequently witnessed phenomena: Good grades through school, excellent work ethic, driven to perfection and wrecked by their own success.

10 comments Read the full article here →

ADHD Diagnosis: ADHD or Just a Bad Person?

June 3, 2009 Beyond ADHD

Avoidant ADHD looks so malevolent, so negative, so disrespectful – maybe they really are bad people?
.
I don’t think so…
Watch this video and tell me what you think. No, the avoidant ADHD crowd aren’t hyperactive but they could be, and oftentimes no, they don’t admit to cognitive anxiety, the subset we posted recently here. In [...]

6 comments Read the full article here →

ADHD and Anxiety: ADHD Looks Like OCD

May 31, 2009 Beyond ADHD

As you will see in this video, ‘anxiety’ can take on many different faces – and cognitive anxiety, you heard it first here, is simply not in the books yet – strange, but true. If we don’t look for it we just can’t see it – and so much of ADHD symptoms are associated with anxiety.

6 comments Read the full article here →

ADHD Medication Outcomes: Medical Teamwork & Consistency – CorePsych Radio

May 18, 2009 Beyond ADHD

Image by mikebaird via Flickr

Regarding ADHD Medications: Medical interventions always work most successfully with team play – but first a few game rules…

Best to start early with specific rules of engagement and some clear expectations – without them it’s like running around the basketball court without two hoops.
This is last of 10 1 hr Radio [...]

5 comments Read the full article here →